This is every source we cite anywhere on the site, grouped by topic so you can explore the research by subject rather than scroll one long alphabetical list. A source that speaks to more than one topic appears under each. Use the filter in the sidebar to search by author, title, or topic. Each source is kept once under a stable id, and the numbered references on every page point back to it, so the citations can never drift out of sync. If a medical or scientific claim on this site is not backed by something here, treat it as opinion and tell us.
Every entry has been checked against the primary index (PubMed for journal articles, Crossref for DOIs) so that the link actually resolves to the paper named. The open research questions draw on these sources; the glossary defines the terms.
Coat colour and genetics (49)
- Kido M, Tanaka K, Kimura G, Kuramoto T. “A fawn coat-colour mutant found in captive roof rats (Rattus rattus) carries a deletion in the Rab38 gene [conference presentation, in Japanese; original title 飼育クマネズミに見出された淡毛色変異体はRab38遺伝子に欠失を持つ].” 95th Annual Meeting of the Zoological Society of Japan, Nagasaki; presentation 1A0900 (Mammals/Genetics session), Tokyo University of Agriculture 2024. source.#
- Ruckman SN, Humphrey EA, Muzzey L, Prantalou I, Pleasants M, Hughes KA. “Assessing the Association Between Animal Color and Behavior: A Meta-Analysis of Experimental Studies.” Ecology and Evolution 2024;14(12):e70655. PubMed.#
- Yu H, Jamieson A, Hulme-Beaman A, et al. “Palaeogenomic analysis of black rat (Rattus rattus) reveals multiple European introductions associated with human economic history.” Nature Communications 2022;13:2399. DOI.#
- Bianchetti E, Bates SJ, Nguyen TTT, Siegelin MD, Roth KA. “RAB38 Facilitates Energy Metabolism and Counteracts Cell Death in Glioblastoma Cells.” Cells 2021;10(7):1643. PubMed.#
- Johnsson M, Henriksen R, Wright D. “The neural crest cell hypothesis: no unified explanation for domestication.” Genetics 2021;219. PubMed.#
- Zhang B, He M, Rachmin I, et al. “Melanocortin 1 receptor is dispensable for acute stress induced hair graying in mice.” Experimental Dermatology 2021;30(4):572-577. PubMed.#
- Aguilar A, Weber J, Boscher J, et al. “Combined deficiency of RAB32 and RAB38 in the mouse mimics Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome and critically impairs thrombosis.” Blood Advances 2019;3(15):2368-2380. PubMed.#
- Chen X, Chen H, Cai W, et al. “The melanoma-linked “redhead” MC1R influences dopaminergic neuron survival.” Annals of Neurology 2017;81(3):395-406. PubMed.#
- Osanai K et al. “Exogenous gene transfer of Rab38 small GTPase ameliorates aberrant lung surfactant homeostasis in Ruby rats.” Respiratory Research 2017;18:70. PubMed.#Cited on: Ambroxol and the Blonde Rat: the Rab38 Connection; Ergothioneine: the science in depth; Glossary: Roof Rat Science Terms, in Plain Language; Open Research Questions: Why Our Roof Rats Matter to Science; The Blonde Rat; The OTC medicine that helps sick rats breathe, sold everywhere but America
- Sasamori S, Yoshida MA, Suzuki H, et al. “Potential causative mutation for melanism in rats identified in the agouti signaling protein gene (Asip) of the Rattus rattus species complex on Okinawa Island, Japan.” Zoological Science 2017;34(6):513-522. PubMed.#
- Wilkins AS, Wrangham RW, Fitch WT. “The “Domestication Syndrome” in Mammals: A Unified Explanation Based on Neural Crest Cell Behavior and Genetics.” Genetics 2014;197:795-808. PubMed.#
- Emaresi G, Ducrest AL, Bize P, et al. “Pleiotropy in the melanocortin system: expression levels of this system are associated with melanogenesis and pigmentation in the tawny owl (Strix aluco).” Molecular Ecology 2013;22(19):4915-4930. PubMed.#
- Kim SY, Fargallo JA, Vergara P, et al. “Multivariate heredity of melanin-based coloration, body mass and immunity.” Heredity 2013;111(2):139-146. PubMed.#
- Rangel-Filho A et al. “Rab38 modulates proteinuria in model of hypertension-associated renal disease.” Journal of the American Society of Nephrology 2013;24(2):283-292. PubMed.#
- Ambrosio AL, Boyle JA, Di Pietro SM. “Mechanism of platelet dense granule biogenesis: study of cargo transport and function of Rab32 and Rab38 in a model system.” Blood 2012;120(19):4072-4081. PubMed.#
- Azouz NP et al. “Decoding the regulation of mast cell exocytosis by networks of Rab GTPases.” Journal of Immunology 2012;189(5):2169-2180. PubMed.#
- Cook LM, Grant BS, Saccheri IJ, Mallet J. “Selective bird predation on the peppered moth: the last experiment of Michael Majerus.” Biology Letters 2012;8(4):609-612. PubMed.#
- Kambe Y et al. “Genetic characterization of Okinawan black rats showing coat color polymorphisms of white spotting and melanism.” Genes & Genetic Systems 2012;87(1):29-38. PubMed.#
- Albert FW, Hodges E, Jensen JD, et al. “Targeted resequencing of a genomic region influencing tameness and aggression reveals multiple signals of positive selection.” Heredity 2011;107(3):205-214. PubMed.#
- Benned-Jensen T, Mokrosinski J, Rosenkilde MM. “The E92K melanocortin 1 receptor mutant induces cAMP production and arrestin recruitment but not ERK activity indicating biased constitutive signaling.” PLoS ONE 2011;6(9):e24644. PubMed.#
- Dalziel M, Kolesnichenko M, das Neves RP, Iborra F, Goding C, Furger A. “Alpha-MSH regulates intergenic splicing of MC1R and TUBB3 in human melanocytes.” Nucleic Acids Research 2011;39(6):2378-2392. PubMed.#
- Kambe Y et al. “Origin of agouti-melanistic polymorphism in wild black rats (Rattus rattus) inferred from Mc1r gene sequences.” Zoological Science 2011;28:560-567. PubMed.#
- Mafli A, Wakamatsu K, Roulin A. “Melanin-based coloration predicts aggressiveness and boldness in captive eastern Hermann’s tortoises.” Animal Behaviour 2011;81(4):859-863. DOI.#
- Pagès M, Corbet G, Orth A, Volobouev V, et al. “Morphological, chromosomal, and genic differences between sympatric Rattus rattus and Rattus satarae in South India.” Journal of Mammalogy 2011;92(3):659-670. DOI.#
- Roulin A, Ducrest AL. “Association between melanism, physiology and behaviour: a role for the melanocortin system.” European Journal of Pharmacology 2011;660(1):226-233. PubMed.#
- Zhang L et al. “Rab38 targets to lamellar bodies and normalizes their sizes in lung alveolar type II epithelial cells.” American Journal of Physiology. Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology 2011;301:L461-L477. PubMed.#Cited on: Ambroxol and the Blonde Rat: the Rab38 Connection; Ergothioneine: the science in depth; Glossary: Roof Rat Science Terms, in Plain Language; Hard to Believe: Surprising Roof Rat Facts; Open Research Questions: Why Our Roof Rats Matter to Science; The OTC medicine that helps sick rats breathe, sold everywhere but America
- Almasi B, Jenni L, Jenni-Eiermann S, Roulin A. “Regulation of stress response is heritable and functionally linked to melanin-based coloration.” Journal of Evolutionary Biology 2010;23(5):987-996. PubMed.#
- Albert FW, Carlborg O, Plyusnina I, et al. “Genetic architecture of tameness in a rat model of animal domestication.” Genetics 2009;182(2):541-554. PubMed.#
- Inomata K, Aoto T, Binh NT, et al. “Genotoxic stress abrogates renewal of melanocyte stem cells by triggering their differentiation.” Cell 2009;137(6):1088-1099. PubMed.#
- Ducrest AL, Keller L, Roulin A. “Pleiotropy in the melanocortin system, coloration and behavioural syndromes.” Trends in Ecology & Evolution 2008;23(9):502-510. PubMed.#
- Li D, Taylor AW. “Diminishment of alpha-MSH anti-inflammatory activity in MC1r siRNA-transfected RAW264.7 macrophages.” Journal of Leukocyte Biology 2008;84(1):191-198. PubMed.#
- Ninkovic I et al. “The role of Rab38 in platelet dense granule defects.” Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis 2008;6(12):2143-2151. PubMed.#Cited on: Ambroxol and the Blonde Rat: the Rab38 Connection; Ergothioneine: the science in depth; Feeding a Rat Without a Pellet: The All-Natural Diet; Hard to Believe: Surprising Roof Rat Facts; Omega-3 for Rats: The Fat Balance, GLA, and a Practical Toolkit; Open Research Questions: Why Our Roof Rats Matter to Science; Roof Rat Health: Common Problems, Treatments, and Getting the Best Care; The Ideal Rat Food: An Open Recipe
- Osanai K, Oikawa R, Higuchi J, Kobayashi M, et al. “A mutation in Rab38 small GTPase causes abnormal lung surfactant homeostasis and aberrant alveolar structure in mice.” American Journal of Pathology 2008;173:1265-1274. PubMed.#
- Tollenaere C, Rahalison L, Ranjalahy M, et al. “CCR5 polymorphism and plague resistance in natural populations of the black rat in Madagascar.” Infection, Genetics and Evolution 2008;8(6):891-897. PubMed.#
- Yiğit N, Çolak E, Kandemir İ, Kankılıç T. “Allozyme variation in Rattus rattus (Rodentia: Muridae) in Turkey, with particular emphasis on the taxonomy.” Zoology in the Middle East 2008;45(1):19-28. DOI.#
- Beaumont KA, Shekar SN, Newton RA, et al. “Receptor function, dominant negative activity and phenotype correlations for MC1R variant alleles.” Human Molecular Genetics 2007;16(18):2249-2260. PubMed.#
- Sarin KY, Artandi SE. “Aging, graying and loss of melanocyte stem cells.” Stem Cell Reviews 2007;3(3):212-217. PubMed.#
- Wasmeier C et al. “Rab38 and Rab32 control post-Golgi trafficking of melanogenic enzymes.” Journal of Cell Biology 2006;175(2):271-281. PubMed.#
- Burgdorf J, Panksepp J, Brudzynski SM, et al. “Breeding for 50-kHz positive affective vocalization in rats.” Behavior Genetics 2005;35(1):67-72. PubMed.#
- Metherell LA, Chapple JP, Cooray S, David A, Becker C, Ruschendorf F, Naville D, Begeot M, Khoo B, Nurnberg P, Huebner A, Cheetham ME, Clark AJ. “Mutations in MRAP, encoding a new interacting partner of the ACTH receptor, cause familial glucocorticoid deficiency type 2.” Nature Genetics 2005;37(2):166-170. PubMed.#
- Naysmith L, Waterston K, Ha T, et al. “Quantitative measures of the effect of the melanocortin 1 receptor on human pigmentary status.” Journal of Investigative Dermatology 2004;122(2):423-428. PubMed.#
- Oiso N et al. “The rat Ruby (R) locus is Rab38: identical mutations in Fawn-hooded and Tester-Moriyama rats derived from an ancestral Long Evans rat sub-strain.” Mammalian Genome 2004;15(4):307-314. PubMed.#Cited on: Ambroxol and the Blonde Rat: the Rab38 Connection; Ergothioneine (EGT) for Rats: Could It Be Their “Taurine”?; Ergothioneine: the science in depth; Feeding a Rat Without a Pellet: The All-Natural Diet; Glossary: Roof Rat Science Terms, in Plain Language; Omega-3 for Rats: The Fat Balance, GLA, and a Practical Toolkit; Open Research Questions: Why Our Roof Rats Matter to Science; Roof Rat Colors, Coat Genetics & Markings; The Black Roof Rat: Melanism, the MC1R Gene, and the Mirror of the Redhead; The Daily Squeak; The Ideal Rat Food: An Open Recipe; The OTC medicine that helps sick rats breathe, sold everywhere but America
- Mogil JS, Wilson SG, Chesler EJ, et al. “The melanocortin-1 receptor gene mediates female-specific mechanisms of analgesia in mice and humans.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 2003;100(8):4867-4872. PubMed.#
- Loftus SK et al. “Mutation of melanosome protein RAB38 in chocolate mice.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 2002;99(7):4471-4476. PubMed.#
- Letts JB. “Smoke-Blackened Thatch: A unique source of late medieval plant remains from Southern England.” English Heritage / University of Reading 1999. link.#
- Trut L. “Early Canid Domestication: The Farm-Fox Experiment.” American Scientist 1999;87(2):160. DOI.#
- Gales RP. “Age- and sex-related differences in diet selection by Rattus rattus on Stewart Island, New Zealand.” New Zealand Journal of Zoology 1982;9(4):463-466. DOI.#
- van Oortmerssen GA, Bakker TC. “Artificial selection for short and long attack latencies in wild Mus musculus domesticus.” Behavior Genetics 1981;11(2):115-126. PubMed.#
- Maynard Smith J, Haigh J. “The hitch-hiking effect of a favourable gene.” Genetical Research 1974;23(1):23-35. PubMed.#
Behaviour and domestication (37)
- Newen A, Griem M, Huber L, Bugnyar T, Blaisdell A, Pika S. “Animal empathy reconsidered: a multidimensional profile account.” Biological Reviews 2026. DOI.#
- Yamaguchi T, Yan R, Khan M, Kuno S, Tewatia K, Osakada T, et al. “The neural mechanisms supporting the rise and fall of maternal aggression.” Nature 2026;654(8120):1012-1022. PubMed.#
- Yamaguchi T, Lin D. “The hormonal and neural control of maternal aggression.” Current Opinion in Neurobiology 2026;98:103194. PubMed.#
- Ruckman SN, Humphrey EA, Muzzey L, Prantalou I, Pleasants M, Hughes KA. “Assessing the Association Between Animal Color and Behavior: A Meta-Analysis of Experimental Studies.” Ecology and Evolution 2024;14(12):e70655. PubMed.#
- Bombail V, Brown SM, Martin JE, et al. “Stage 1 Registered Report: Refinement of tickling protocols to improve positive animal welfare in laboratory rats.” F1000Research 2022;11:1053. PubMed.#
- Lu Y, Shi C, Jin X, He J, Yin Z. “Domestication of farmed fish via the attenuation of stress responses mediated by the hypothalamus–pituitary–inter-renal endocrine axis.” Frontiers in Endocrinology 2022;13. PubMed.#
- Johnsson M, Henriksen R, Wright D. “The neural crest cell hypothesis: no unified explanation for domestication.” Genetics 2021;219. PubMed.#
- Engelhardt K, Schwarting RKW, Wöhr M. “Mapping trait-like socio-affective phenotypes in rats through 50-kHz ultrasonic vocalizations.” Psychopharmacology 2018;235(1):83-98. PubMed.#
- LaFollette MR, O’Haire ME, Cloutier S, et al. “Rat tickling: A systematic review of applications, outcomes, and moderators.” PLoS One 2017;12(4):e0175320. PubMed.#
- McRae TR, Green SM. “Gray squirrel alarm call composition differs in response to simulated aerial versus terrestrial predator attacks.” Ethology Ecology & Evolution 2017;29(1):54-63. DOI.#
- Wilkins AS, Wrangham RW, Fitch WT. “The “Domestication Syndrome” in Mammals: A Unified Explanation Based on Neural Crest Cell Behavior and Genetics.” Genetics 2014;197:795-808. PubMed.#
- Bosch OJ. “Maternal aggression in rodents: brain oxytocin and vasopressin mediate pup defence.” Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B 2013;368(1631):20130085. PubMed.#
- Windle RJ, Wood SA, Kershaw YM, Lightman SL, Ingram CD. “Adaptive changes in basal and stress-induced HPA activity in lactating and post-lactating female rats.” Endocrinology 2013;154(2):749-761. PubMed.#
- Albert FW, Hodges E, Jensen JD, et al. “Targeted resequencing of a genomic region influencing tameness and aggression reveals multiple signals of positive selection.” Heredity 2011;107(3):205-214. PubMed.#
- Ben-Ami Bartal I, Decety J, Mason P. “Empathy and pro-social behavior in rats.” Science 2011;334(6061):1427-1430. PubMed.#
- Mafli A, Wakamatsu K, Roulin A. “Melanin-based coloration predicts aggressiveness and boldness in captive eastern Hermann’s tortoises.” Animal Behaviour 2011;81(4):859-863. DOI.#
- Roulin A, Ducrest AL. “Association between melanism, physiology and behaviour: a role for the melanocortin system.” European Journal of Pharmacology 2011;660(1):226-233. PubMed.#
- Almasi B, Jenni L, Jenni-Eiermann S, Roulin A. “Regulation of stress response is heritable and functionally linked to melanin-based coloration.” Journal of Evolutionary Biology 2010;23(5):987-996. PubMed.#
- Albert FW, Carlborg O, Plyusnina I, et al. “Genetic architecture of tameness in a rat model of animal domestication.” Genetics 2009;182(2):541-554. PubMed.#
- Albert FW, Shchepina O, Winter C, et al. “Phenotypic differences in behavior, physiology and neurochemistry between rats selected for tameness and for defensive aggression towards humans.” Hormones and Behavior 2008;53(3):413-421. PubMed.#
- Ducrest AL, Keller L, Roulin A. “Pleiotropy in the melanocortin system, coloration and behavioural syndromes.” Trends in Ecology & Evolution 2008;23(9):502-510. PubMed.#
- Bell AM, Sih A. “Exposure to predation generates personality in threespined sticklebacks (Gasterosteus aculeatus).” Ecology Letters 2007;10(9):828-834. PubMed.#
- Litvin Y, Blanchard DC, Blanchard RJ. “Rat 22kHz ultrasonic vocalizations as alarm cries.” Behavioural Brain Research 2007;182(2):166-172. PubMed.#
- Burgdorf J, Panksepp J, Brudzynski SM, et al. “Breeding for 50-kHz positive affective vocalization in rats.” Behavior Genetics 2005;35(1):67-72. PubMed.#
- Shelley EL, Blumstein DT. “The evolution of vocal alarm communication in rodents.” Behavioral Ecology 2005;16(1):169-177. DOI.#
- Burgdorf J, Panksepp J. “Tickling induces reward in adolescent rats.” Physiology & behavior 2001;72(1-2):167-73. PubMed.#
- Louie K, Wilson MA. “Temporally structured replay of awake hippocampal ensemble activity during rapid eye movement sleep.” Neuron 2001;29(1):145-156. PubMed.#
- Koolhaas JM, Korte SM, De Boer SF, Van Der Vegt BJ, Van Reenen CG, Hopster H, De Jong IC, Ruis MA, Blokhuis HJ. “Coping styles in animals: current status in behavior and stress-physiology.” Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews 1999;23(7):925-935. PubMed.#
- Trut L. “Early Canid Domestication: The Farm-Fox Experiment.” American Scientist 1999;87(2):160. DOI.#
- Windle RJ, Wood S, Shanks N, Perks P, Conde GL, da Costa AP, Ingram CD, Lightman SL. “Endocrine and behavioural responses to noise stress: comparison of virgin and lactating female rats during non-disrupted maternal activity.” Journal of Neuroendocrinology 1997;9(6):407-414. PubMed.#
- Kaltwasser MT. “Acoustic signaling in the black rat (Rattus rattus).” Journal of Comparative Psychology 1990;104(3):227-232. PubMed.#
- van Oortmerssen GA, Bakker TC. “Artificial selection for short and long attack latencies in wild Mus musculus domesticus.” Behavior Genetics 1981;11(2):115-126. PubMed.#
- Watts CHS. “Vocalizations of nine species of rat (Rattus; Muridae).” Journal of Zoology 1980;191(4):531-555. DOI.#
- Barnett SA, Stewart AP. “Audible signals during intolerant behaviour of Rattus fuscipes.” Australian Journal of Zoology 1975;23(1):103-112. DOI.#
Physiology, aging, and tumours (98)
- Mank MM, Zoller KA, Fastiggi VA, et al. “Acidosis enables the NLRP3 inflammasome-inhibiting effects of beta-hydroxybutyrate and short-chain carboxylic acids.” Journal of Immunology 2026;215. PubMed.#
- Yamaguchi T, Yan R, Khan M, Kuno S, Tewatia K, Osakada T, et al. “The neural mechanisms supporting the rise and fall of maternal aggression.” Nature 2026;654(8120):1012-1022. PubMed.#
- Yamaguchi T, Lin D. “The hormonal and neural control of maternal aggression.” Current Opinion in Neurobiology 2026;98:103194. PubMed.#
- Geng L et al. “Systematic profiling reveals betaine as an exercise mimetic for geroprotection.” Cell 2025. DOI.#
- Guo Q, Liu X, Li Y, et al. “Ergothioneine Improves the Quality of Boar Sperm During In Vitro Liquid Preservation by Regulating Mitochondrial Respiratory Chain.” Animals : an open access journal from MDPI 2025;15(10). PubMed.#Cited on: Ergothioneine: the science in depth
- Petrovic D et al. “Ergothioneine improves healthspan of aged animals by enhancing cGPDH activity through CSE-dependent persulfidation.” Cell Metabolism 2025;37(2):542-556.e14. PubMed.#Cited on: Beyond the Pellet: What to Feed Your Roof Rat; Ergothioneine (EGT) for Rats: Could It Be Their “Taurine”?; Ergothioneine: the science in depth; Glossary: Roof Rat Science Terms, in Plain Language; Open Research Questions: Why Our Roof Rats Matter to Science; Why We Put These Three Things In The Water
- Sharma S, Rodems BJ, Baker CD, et al. “Taurine from tumour niche drives glycolysis to promote leukaemogenesis.” Nature 2025;644(8075):263-272. PubMed.#
- Wang C, Li MC, Huang WG, et al. “Betaine inhibits the stem cell-like properties of hepatocellular carcinoma by activating autophagy via SAM/m6A/YTHDF1-mediated enhancement on ATG3 stability.” Theranostics 2025;15(5):1949-1965. PubMed.#
- World Health Organization. “Obesity and overweight (Fact Sheet).” 2025. link.#
- Zawieja E et al. “Betaine and aging: A narrative review of findings, possible mechanisms, research perspectives, and practical recommendations.” Ageing Res Rev 2025;104:102634. PubMed.#
- Ezaki O. “Possible extracellular signals to ameliorate sarcopenia in response to medium-chain triglycerides (8:0 and 10:0) in frail older adults.” Nutrients 2024;16(16):2606. PubMed.#
- Katsube M et al. “Ergothioneine promotes longevity and healthy aging in male mice.” GeroScience 2024;46:3889-3909. PubMed.#Cited on: Beyond the Pellet: What to Feed Your Roof Rat; Ergothioneine (EGT) for Rats: Could It Be Their “Taurine”?; Ergothioneine: the science in depth; Feeding a Rat With Special Needs: Diets for Common Conditions; Glossary: Roof Rat Science Terms, in Plain Language; Open Research Questions: Why Our Roof Rats Matter to Science; The Ideal Rat Food: An Open Recipe; Why We Put These Three Things In The Water
- Lin Q, Ge X, Gao L, et al. “Betaine alleviates spermatogenic cells apoptosis of oligoasthenozoospermia rat model by up-regulating methyltransferases and affecting DNA methylation.” Phytomedicine : international journal of phytotherapy and phytopharmacology 2024;129:155713. PubMed.#
- Nagahara M, Namula Z, Lin Q, et al. “Effects of ergothioneine supplementation on meiotic competence and porcine oocyte development.” Veterinary world 2024;17(8):1748-1752. PubMed.#Cited on: Ergothioneine: the science in depth
- World Health Organization. “Physical activity (Fact Sheet).” 2024. link.#
- Chen Q, Zhou R, Yang C, et al. “Ergothioneine attenuates varicocele-induced testicular damage by upregulating HSP90AA1 in rats.” Journal of biochemical and molecular toxicology 2023;37(4):e23301. PubMed.#Cited on: Ergothioneine: the science in depth
- Singh P, Gollapalli K, Mangiola S, et al. “Taurine deficiency as a driver of aging.” Science 2023;380(6649):eabn9257. PubMed.#
- Zhang H et al. “Research progress on the reduced neural repair ability of aging Schwann cells.” Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience 2023;17. DOI.#
- D’Onofrio N, Martino E, Balestrieri A, et al. “Diet-derived ergothioneine induces necroptosis in colorectal cancer cells by activating the SIRT3/MLKL pathway.” FEBS Letters 2022;596(10):1313-1329. PubMed.#
- Ijab R, Ayen E, Khaki A, et al. “Evaluation of dietary betaine on post-thawed semen quality in mature bulls during summer heat stress.” Veterinary research forum : an international quarterly journal 2022;13(1):61-70. PubMed.#
- Lu Y, Shi C, Jin X, He J, Yin Z. “Domestication of farmed fish via the attenuation of stress responses mediated by the hypothalamus–pituitary–inter-renal endocrine axis.” Frontiers in Endocrinology 2022;13. PubMed.#
- Sarlak M, Roumiani E, Kheradmand A, et al. “Evaluating the effects of betaine on testicular ischemia/reperfusion injury induced by torsion/detorsion in the rat.” Andrologia 2022;54(10):e14559. PubMed.#
- Wu H, Zhang X, Yang J, et al. “Taurine and its transporter TAUT positively affect male reproduction and early embryo development.” Human reproduction (Oxford, England) 2022;37(6):1229-1243. PubMed.#
- Bianchetti E, Bates SJ, Nguyen TTT, Siegelin MD, Roth KA. “RAB38 Facilitates Energy Metabolism and Counteracts Cell Death in Glioblastoma Cells.” Cells 2021;10(7):1643. PubMed.#
- Kabasakal Çetin A, Alkan Tuğ T, Güleç A, et al. “Effects of maternal taurine supplementation on maternal dietary intake, plasma metabolites and fetal growth and development in cafeteria diet fed rats.” PeerJ 2021;9:e11547. PubMed.#
- Maher T, Clegg ME. “A systematic review and meta-analysis of medium-chain triglycerides effects on acute satiety and food intake.” Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition 2021;61(4):636-648. PubMed.#
- Miralles-Perez B, Mendez L, Nogues MR, et al. “Effects of a fish oil rich in docosahexaenoic acid on cardiometabolic risk factors and oxidative stress in healthy rats.” Marine Drugs 2021;19(10):555. PubMed.#
- Petrovic D et al. “The Role of Protein Persulfidation in Brain Aging and Neurodegeneration.” Front Aging Neurosci 2021;13:674135. PubMed.#
- Zhang B, He M, Rachmin I, et al. “Melanocortin 1 receptor is dispensable for acute stress induced hair graying in mice.” Experimental Dermatology 2021;30(4):572-577. PubMed.#
- Dutton M. “Selected Veterinary Concerns of Geriatric Rats, Mice, Hamsters, and Gerbils.” Veterinary Clinics of North America: Exotic Animal Practice 2020;23(3):525-548. PubMed.#
- Hernández-Becerra E et al. “Calcium Deficiency in Diet Decreases the Magnesium Content in Bone and Affects Femur Physicochemical Properties in Growing Rats.” Biological Trace Element Research 2020;197(1):224-232. PubMed.#
- Attia YA, El-Naggar AS, Abou-Shehema BM, et al. “Effect of Supplementation with Trimethylglycine (Betaine) and/or Vitamins on Semen Quality, Fertility, Antioxidant Status, DNA Repair and Welfare of Roosters Exposed to Chronic Heat Stress.” Animals : an open access journal from MDPI 2019;9(8). PubMed.#
- Parkhitko AA et al. “Methionine metabolism and methyltransferases in the regulation of aging and lifespan extension across species.” Aging Cell 2019;18(6):e13034. PubMed.#
- Vergneau-Grosset C, Pena L, Cluzel C, et al. “Evaluation of deslorelin implant on subsequent mammary tumors of rats (Rattus norvegicus).” Journal of Exotic Pet Medicine 2019. PubMed.#
- Zivanovic J et al. “Selective Persulfide Detection Reveals Evolutionarily Conserved Antiaging Effects of S-Sulfhydration.” Cell Metab 2019;30(6):1152-1170. PubMed.#
- Adedara IA, Alake SE, Adeyemo MO, et al. “Taurine enhances spermatogenic function and antioxidant defense mechanisms in testes and epididymis of L-NAME-induced hypertensive rats.” Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & pharmacotherapie 2018;97:181-189. PubMed.#
- Li B et al. “Retinal accumulation of zeaxanthin, lutein, and β-carotene in mice deficient in carotenoid cleavage enzymes.” Exp Eye Res 2017;159:123-131. PubMed.#
- Osanai K et al. “Exogenous gene transfer of Rab38 small GTPase ameliorates aberrant lung surfactant homeostasis in Ruby rats.” Respiratory Research 2017;18:70. PubMed.#Cited on: Ambroxol and the Blonde Rat: the Rab38 Connection; Ergothioneine: the science in depth; Glossary: Roof Rat Science Terms, in Plain Language; Open Research Questions: Why Our Roof Rats Matter to Science; The Blonde Rat; The OTC medicine that helps sick rats breathe, sold everywhere but America
- Cabezón FA, Stewart KR, Schinckel AP, et al. “Effect of natural betaine on estimates of semen quality in mature AI boars during summer heat stress.” Animal reproduction science 2016;170:25-37. PubMed.#
- Camacho-Pereira J et al. “CD38 Dictates Age-Related NAD Decline and Mitochondrial Dysfunction through an SIRT3-Dependent Mechanism.” Cell Metab 2016;23(6):1127-1139. PubMed.#
- Lauby-Secretan B, Scoccianti C, Loomis D, et al. (IARC Handbook Working Group). “Body Fatness and Cancer: Viewpoint of the IARC Working Group.” New England Journal of Medicine 2016;375(8):794-798. PubMed.#
- Moore SC, Lee IM, Weiderpass E, et al. “Association of Leisure-Time Physical Activity With Risk of 26 Types of Cancer in 1.44 Million Adults.” JAMA Internal Medicine 2016;176(6):816-825. PubMed.#
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Ambroxol (17)
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Personal observations (3)
- Personal observation (the breeder), unverified. Observer: the breeder, from watching his own animals. Observing: ongoing. When roof rats walk along something narrow, the tail swings out opposite the body.#Cited on: The Daily Squeak
- Personal observation (the breeder), unverified. Observer: the breeder, from watching his own animals. Observing: ongoing. Before a jump, the rats sway their heads side to side, and it looks like judging the distance.#Cited on: The Daily Squeak
- Personal observation (the breeder), unverified. Observer: the breeder, from watching his own animals. Observing: ongoing. The roof rats swim well when they have to, and avoid it whenever they can.#Cited on: The Daily Squeak
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